Combined intake and exhaust manifold



- E. W. GRAEF. COMBINED INTAKE ANDEXHAUST MANIFOLD.

APPLICATION FILED IULY I2, IBI-7.

3 sHEETs-sHEET1.

Patented Sept. 12, 1922.

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E. w. GRAEF. y COMBINED INTAKE 'AND EXHAUST MANIFOLD.

APPLICATION FILEDIULY 12.1917."

l L M um 6 tm mh m E. WQGRAEFl COMBINED :NTAKE AND EXHAUST MANlFoLn.

APPLICATIUN FILED JULY 12,1917.

atentedept. 12, M22.

Patented Sept. 12, 1922.

UNITED sTf-ATEs PATENT oFFicE.

ERNEST W. GRAEF, 0F CALDWELL, NEW JERSEY, SSIGNOR TO HENRY J'. GAISMAN,

` 0F WOODMERE, NEW YORK.

COMBINED INTAKE AND EXHAUST JBIIAITIFGIED.`

Application led July 12, 1917. Serial No. 180,223.

To all w/wmt may concern:

illustrating my improvements adapted for Be it known that I, ERNEST W.GRAEF, a connection with an internal combustion en- 55 citizen of theUnited States, and. resident of Caldwell, in the county of and State ofNew Jersey, have invented`certain new and useful Improvements in"Combined Intake and `Exhaust Manifolds, ofwhich the following is aspecification.`

Combustible `mlxtures for internal com bustion engines aresometimesh'eated during their `flow tothe engine, and I Vfind that it isdesirable to be able to vary theftem erature of such mixture accordingto weet er conditions and according to the starting or running speed ofthe engine, whereby fthe mixture ma be delivered to the enginein amoreor less lyieated or cold condition ,according to the work required.

In my application Serial No. 1157, 284, filed March 24, 1917, I havedisclosed an internal combustion engine equipped witha passage for fuelmixture, and means tdlieat the mix- `ture flowing from the carbureteivthrough said passage t0 the engine, dni-conjunction with another passageadapted permit colder mixture to flow to thefengine, and with `means tocause commingling of the hotter and colder mixturesf ,according totemperature conditions and'reduirements of theengine. My lpresentimproyements pertain'generally to the control ofthe temperature of themixture flowing to engine not only according to Weather conditions butalso according to the extent of, throttle opening at a given time,whereby engine may be supplied with heated `or hotl5 mixture, as forstarting or idling, oi' with "eoldmixture,

. as `for high speed running, or," iniotlier words,

with hot mixture up to a giuen'throttle opening, and then with`commingled -hot'and cold mixtures, or with cold mixtures only, ornearly so, during `further throttleiopening,

y whereby the temperature of themixture may be regulated or controlledaccording to conditions of work required, 'o`r""'atmospherictemperature, or both, at any given time.

My invention further comprises novel den tails of improvement andcombinations of parts that will `be more full "hereinafter set forth andthen pointed out inthe claims.

Reference is t0 be had to `thefaccompanyl ing drawings forming parthereof, wherein, Fig. 1 is a partly sectional side elevation stantiallyon the line 6, 6, in Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a section substantially on theline 7, 7, in Fig. 2; Fig. 8 is a partly sectional plan viewillustrating a modification; Fig. 9 is a section substantially on theline 9, 9, in Fig. 8, and

Fig. 10"isa sectional detail illustrating a modification.

Similar numerals of reference indicate correspondindf parts in theseveral views.

A passage lfor exhaust gases is indicated at l and a passage for fuelmixture to be heated is indicated at 2. Said passages are shown inthermal'relation and as cast in a single piece of material in the natureof a manifold, although they may be in separate parts secured together.he passage l communicates throughports 3 with exhaust ports si. of aninternal combustion engine 5. `Gered openings 6 in the casting permitthe same to be secured to the engine by means of bolts or screws 7.-lThe passage 2 is shown pro-` vided withl 'an inlet port 2a for mixture,(Figs. 5 and 6). Extending transversely through passages l and 2 arepassa-ges 8 that communicate with the inlet ports 9 of the engine thatcommunicate with the cylinders iii any well known manner. Passages 8 donot communicate with exhaust passage `l but receive heatfrom the hotexhaust gases therein. The passages 8 communicate with the passage 2through ports 8a (Figs. 5 and 6). The passage 2 is shown extendinglengthwise within its casing at the upper part and curved at the mixturereceiving end 2b and also curved at the opposite end 2, whence themixture flows through the lpart 2d of said passage below a partition orwall 2f to and fthrough, an open portion 2e to the portion 2g that isbetween the partitions or walls 2f, 2h, 2l (Fig. 5). The passage portion2 communicates Vat opposite ends with the ports 8a of the respectivepassages 8. By the suitable carbureter, indicated at 10, may be providedfor production of the mixture which may Howl-therefrom to passage'Ztq beheated therein in its passage to the engine through the ports 8a andpassages 8. A secondupassage for mixture `is indicated'at 11, shown inFigs. land 2 applied uponathe` exterior of the manifold or casingcontaining passages land 2. The' passage' 11 may be comprised in asuitable casting, which is shown provided With lports l2 adapted toregister with the passages 8 for supplying mixture directly :from thecarbureter to the engine Without passing through assage 2 When it 'is'desiredy to sup' ly a cord or cool mixture 'for thev engine.y Te'passage 11 may be provided With cored'holes receiving screws L7, forsecuring passage 11 against 'passage 2 with the ports 12 and passages incommunication,l(Fig. 'Thecasting '8 are not shown of any great extent,yet,-

since the mixture kfrom'passage 11 yis not in tended toabsorb as muchheat as the mixture inpassage 2, some heat maybe imparted to the mixtureowing in passages 8, since they are ,shown in thermal relationy to theexhaust gases in passage 1, and since the passagell may absorb some heatfrom radiationor conduction by reason of its .relation to passage 2, yetas passage 11 is shown outside vef passage 2 heat imparted to the mix#turein passage 11 Willbe less than the heat imparted to lmixture inlpassage 2, for which reason l may vterm the 'Vmixturelowing throughpassage 11 the cold mixture. It

`vwill be understood thatlpassage 11 may be i i supported at anysuitable distance from passage 11 ma havelittle,'ifany,heat impartedthereto, j

commingle in passages 8.

The' carbureter may bel ol" any ordinary orl desired variety or. v`may1be equipped with therrnostaticA means "l'orl controlling the o er-`"ation of the needle valve, such as set fort `in United StatesLettei-sPatent'issuedto J.

Gaisman, on `June 19,v 1917, No.- 1,230,147.` I

' through the heated passage 2 to the engine,

also to iloiv through passagell to the engine yducts 11C, 11".

hen mixture lows to the engine i through both passages`2 and 11the'hcated and the colder portions of the mixture Willv separate fromthe flow of the mixture throu h passage 2, and to ldirect the flow ofsimultaneously according t required' conditions and accordin to theextent of throttle opening between t e carbureter and the engine, saidmeans comprising adjustable parts adapted to be set to vary or regulatethe flow of the mixturethrough said passages as required for differentthrottle openings. A throttle valve i's indicated at 14 secured to ashaft 15 land journaled in a housin 16, which housing communicates atone en with the carbureter mixture chamber 10 and also with theducts'll," and 11". The throttle 14 controlsthe flow of`mixture from thecar- `bureter and a supplemental adjustable throttle member 14 controls'the flow of mixture to the'passages '2"and 11, as through the Thethrottle member 14 is shown secured to shaft 15 by a screw 17 (Fig. l2)an-dthethrottle member 14" is shown provided with a hub 14" adjustableon shaft 15 and provided with an extension 18 which may be connectedwith any suitable `operating device `adjal-,cnt to the operator vforcontrolling vthe throttle. Means are provided for securing the throttlemembers 14, 14 inset position `with relation to one another, for whichpurpose I have shown shaft 15. provided with sector-like projection 19adapted to beheldl in set position With relation/(to projection I18 bymeans of a, screw 20 'threaded in projection 18 adapted to bear firmly'upon projection 19, whereby the throttle members 14, 14" may be rotatedtogether. The throttle member 14 may be set with relation to member` 14so as to vary the flow of mixtureto the passages 2 and 11 with respectto the opening of throttle member14`.

While in the construction illustrated in Figs. 1 to 7 the intake orts ofthe en ine for the mixture are on'tiie same side o the engine as theAexhaust ports, it will be underbe used in engines wherein exhaust portsand" intake ports are onv opposite sides thereof, as y Villustrated inFigs. 8, 9 and 10 sage 2, so vthat the mixture' flowing in pas-7 whereinthe main construction is substantially 'similar to vthat set forth in myaforesaid application 'passage 2 in thermal relation to the exhaustpassage 1, the passage2 having' one or more ports 22 communicating withassage 11 (FigsQS and 9). The throttle of igs. 8 and 9 is of thecharacter set forth with regard to Figs. l to 7 to "vary the flow ofmixture to passages 2 and 11 with respect to the e n-r 'ing of throttlemembers 14." In the erm y stood that my improvements are adapted toweather orrunning conditions so that, for"` instance, if the weatherbecold the main intimated jin Fig. 1o the ordinary type ofbutter-tlythrottle valve is illustrated at 14 and the projection 23fromshaft `l5 is connected byyallink 24 with a projection`25 from thethrottlemember lllaof the housing 16a. `Relative vadjustment"between thethrottle members 14, lfiamay bemadeb meansof a bolt 26 and slot 27oflink 24.` 4 ither of the projections23 or 25 may be `operated forcontrolling thethrottles in a wellknown Inanner. i t n In accordance`with my improvements throttle members d4, 14 may be proportioned andset* one with relationto another to be operated"togetheig,` according topart allfof the mixturemay be directed through `duct 11c .thence throughheated passage 2 toA the engine intake port'for substantiallyall`throttle openings, or partly through passage 2 ,for wide throttleopening or nearly soffor high speed.` ,Ifthe weather be hotl thethrottle members may be set so that the mixturewillflow through theheated'passage 2 or a small portion of the throttle opening, `as"foridling and low speed, and for further throttle opening the throttlemember 14"` will gradually close oil the ilow of mixture throughthepassage 2 `and"wi1l correspondingly openthe flow ofmixturethroughpassage 11 direct to the engine `for` `its higher speed,` `so as not tou be vheated byhot exhaust gases to much, if

sol

any, extent.l If the weather be mild the throttle members 14,14% may beso set relatively "to one another that thev main part1 or all of themixture tor`moderate engine speed may be caused toflow` tlirough heatedy `passage 2,`a`nd for higher speed ofthe en-" gine `a relatively smallamount "of `the mixture mayfflow through passage 2 whilea greater amountof the colder mixture may `iiow through passage 11, fthetwo portions"oflmixture commingling for "Variationofthe proportion of heated andcolder mixture'ilowing tothe engine maybe made by setting throttlemember 14a relatively to memberld asbocca'sion dictate; One

of thepadvantages `of my" improvements that notwithstanding that passage2 is in" thermal-relationwto` "exhaust passage l, whereby `the mixtureflowing? throughpasy sage 2 `may beheated bythe exhaust gases in passage`1,"I amenabledfto utilize preheatedmixture inthe 1engine for slowrunning `where the heatlof compression pressureof the gases is not sogreat,fand `yet "when theenginespeeds up, and the temperatureofthefgases in the "cylinders in-` creases y "z"reasorr` of highercompression pressurga` gamenabledwthenito supplj7 `a cooler mixturebygcauslng the mixture to y `flow from thecarbureter more or less`direct to the engine cylinders through passage 11 so that"` thecompressed mixture in the cylin ders will not have-too high atemperature y thereby to avoid pre-ignition'or knock in the engine. gthe temperature of the mixture flowing to the engine according to` thevariation of throttleopening withrespect to a set or ad- I am thusenabled to control justed relation ofthe throttle member-sand I amenabled toadjust such relation of the throttle members when desired, orat will, according to atmospheric conditions, whereby to attain the'most favorable temperature engine requirementsf "A further advantage ofmy improvement *is that acarbureter or carbureters may be `connectedwith the `passages 2 and 11 for supplying a light hydrocarbon fuel, suchconditions of the mixture according to the `asgasoline, and heavierhydrocarbonjfuel,

such as kerosene, whereby the engine may be started and heated up withthe use of Vgasoline and then may be runby the useof y kerosene withoutthe gasoline, or with a mixture of both, itbeing understood that at lowthrottle opening the mixture contain- `ing kerosene oil 'may be heatedin its flow to `the engine, the preheating of the kero- Qsene and airmixture permitting the engine to operate properly at slow engine speeds,

and the temperature of `the mixture may `be regulated as described, forvarying speeds. y y

While I have "illustrated and described particular forms of manifoldscontaining `the several passages `for the mixture and exhaust gases,and" particular `forms of jthrottles` adapted to control the How` ofmixture from the carbureter and the flow both, of the mixture passages,it will be understood that my invention is not limited to the details ofr construct-ion and relative arrangements of lparts set forth, as thesame fmay be varied, for accomplishing the pur-` of the mixture throughone or another, or

intake port or ports, means to heat mixture flowing to the enginethrough one of said passages, the other passage permitting cold mixtureto pass to the engine,` and throttle means to close and open` saidpassages between the engine andthe carbureter to control the flow fromthe Garbureterto the en-` tg .t t 1.42am a,

.gine adapted to deliver `to l the `engine l throi-igh.` said passagesmixture of varyv ing;n volume and ltemperature; according to,`

theextent of throttle opening. Y 2. The combination of an .internalcombustion engine, with avv carbureter, -imeansy providing a plurality:vof separate. courses;

,set relation of said mem rs.v

A8. The combination of casing means havfor mixture from thecarburetertothe; en-

gine intake `port `or sports, means A to heat j M l n ying aplurality ofpass means to heat one of said passages, a carbumixture flowingtothehengine through ,one of said-courses; and throttlemeans to closeand-lopen', Said courses to control Athe flow of ,y mixture from thecarbureterto :the engine adapted to direct heated mixtureinto the enginelat' onev ythrottle opening-and cooler mixture; ofV greater volume` intothe engine ata different throttleopening,v e 3*.gz'1`he combination. ofanj=internal-C0m bustionten'gine, withy ,a,lgza'lbiileter, meansproviding a plurality of-separate sources for mixture from fthecarbureter tothe lengine' intakegport or ports, `means toheat mixtureflowing to-:the .engine through one of said courses, and a throttlehaving .relatively ad justableimembers operative together adapted vtocontrol the vflow of mixture' from the can bureter to either of saidcourses andsimul- 4f.."Ther comb'natio'n vof an internal. coni bustionengine, with casing means having a plurality-fof separate mixture intakepassagesftherefor, throttle controlled means to open and close said4passages successively to;

cont-rol the flow of` mixture to said passages successively and arrangedto decrease the flow ftowone passage' whilstyincreaslng .the

flow to the/other paage, andthe *casingv `meansfhaving an engineexhaustpassage 1n thermal? relation to Vonefo'f said mixture passagesyto'fp'ermanently; Vheat it and not Vthe,

other mixture passage =while1the .engine operates j5;;-Thewcombination'of aninternal combustionpen'gi'ne, with casing means`having a plurality of mixture.' intake passagesv therefor, throttlecontrolled means tocontrol the.

flow of mixture to said passages successively,

and arranged to limit the flow ofmxtureto one passagejandfpermit'theflow of mixture to the other passageatlow engine speed and to reducethe; How to the last named passage and permit more or lessflow'through.'the other passage yduring increasedv engine speed,andmeans toll-eat one of-saidv passages. .I l6:"Thecombinationof casingmeans -having ay pluralityofpassages -for fuel mixture,

- means to heat one of said passages, a ,throttle-j member to controlthe flowl of-mixturerto both of saidpassages, and asupplemental throttlemember 1 co-,operative with. the: first named-,throttle `member l to`vary. the flowl of mixture throughsaid passages; accordingr tov sathrettlopositon.-

and passages communicatin 7 The `combinationzof casing means havingaplurality .t f passages for fuel mixture,

means to heatone of lsai `assa es, a throttle comprising a plurality omem rs adjusta- ,bleewithjrelation tol one another andoperativetogether-to vary the 110W. of .mixture t0 and through saidpassaes according to the y for `fuel mixture,

reter, a 4throttle member to control the flow of mixture fromthecarbureter, and a sup-l plemental rthrottle member adjustable withrelation` to said first ynamed member and 'operative therewith tocontroldtlie flow of mixture through said passa s according to the setrelation of the throt e membersy with respect tojone another and tosaid passages.

9.l ThisJ combinationof'casing means hav- Iing apassage'for exhaust sanda pas- .sagenfr fuel mixture in t ermal relation thereto,`the keasingmeans having a. passage r,communicating.vivith the second named passageand adaptedfor connectonwith the intakevport of yan engine, a housincommunieating `with said second and tr 'rd named 'passagespa. carburetorcommunicating with `thehousin and throttle means inthe housing adapte tocontrol ,the flow -of fuel mix ture'fromi the carbureter to thelhousingand to controll the 1 flow of mixture from the housing separately intosaid last named passage and simultaneously yinto both ofy said .passagesaccording lto throttle setting.

10., vThe combination of a casing contain-` ing apassage for exhaustgases, a passage ,for fuel mixture in thermal relation thereto andpassages .communicating with the mix v`ture passage and adaptedtocommunicate `'with intake ports of anengine, anothercasy .ing Vhaving afuel passage communicating with the third named passages, means tosecure the second named casing adjacent to the`- secondnamed passage,and means to direct fuel mixture separately into the fuel passages andsimultaneously into both Iof lsaid v passages.

11.The combinationzof a casing containing apassage for exhaust gassespassage forv fuel mixture in thermal relation thereto with the mix-lturepassager and adapte to communicate 'withivintake' ports of anengine, an-

other casing having a ,fuel passage com municating with. the third namedvpassages, means to secure the second named 'lcasingadjacent to lahousingv .communicating with said fuel pass a carburetercommunicatingwith sai housing, and

throttle meansy inthe housing adapted to Q control` the flow of fuelmixture Ifrom the 4carbureter to the housing.. and to control` the 1flow of mixture from the housing separately` into said rstgnampd fuelmixture passage. 13a

and the passage of the second named casing and simultaneously into bothof said passages according to throttle setting.

12. The combination of casing means having a plurality of fuel passages,means to heat one of the passages, a housing having communication withsaid passages, a carbureter communicating with said housing, a shaft, aplurality of throttle members mounted upon the shaft within the housing,one of said throttle members being adapted to control the flow to thehousing from the carbureter and the other throttle member beingoperative with the first member to control the flow from the housing tosaid passages according to throttle setting.

13. The combination of casing means having a plurality of fuel passages,means to heat one of the passages, a housing having communication withsaid passages, a carbureter communicating with said housing, a shaft, aplurality of throttle members mounted upon the shaft within the housingto be operated conjointly by said shaft, means to adjust one of saidthrottle members relatively to the other within the housing, one of saidthrottle members being adapted to control the flow of mixture from thecarbureter to the ed to control the ilow of mixture from the housing tosaid fuel passages in accordance with the set relation of said membersto one another.

14. The combination of casing means having a plurality of fuel passages,means to heat one of the passages, a housing having communication withsaid passages, a carbureter communicating with said housing, a shaft, aplurality of throttle members mounted upon the shaft within the housingto be operated conjointly by said shaft, one of said throttle membershaving a pro jection, said shaft having a projection, and means tosecure said projections together in adjusted positions for varying therelation of the throttle members to one another, one of said throttlemembers being adapted to control the flow of mixture from the carbureterto the housing and the other throttle member "being adapted to controlthe flow 'of mixture from `the housing to said fuel passages inaccordance with the relation ofthe throttle members to one another.

Signed at New York city in the county of New York and State of New Yorkthis 9th day of July A. D. 1917.

ERNEST W. GRAEF.

Witnesses:

MARIE F. WAINRIGHT, CEAS. W. BENJAMIN.

